U.S. Middle District of Florida Magistrate Judge Embry Kidd has been nominated for a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit. The Atlanta-based Circuit is a federal appellate court that oversees the states of Alabama, Florida, and Georgia. He is also the fifth Magistrate Judge to be nominated directly to a circuit court by President Biden. There had been six all time before Biden took office.
Background
Embry Kidd earned a Bachelor of Arts from Emory University in 2005 with high honors in political science as a Robert W. Woodruff Scholar. He then earned a Juris Doctor from Yale Law School in 2008. While at Emory University, Kidd was the Editor of the Emory Political Review, Treasurer of the Student Government Association, Treasurer of the Media Council and served as a tour guide. After graduating from law school, Kidd served as a law clerk for Judge Roger Gregory of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit from 2008 to 2009. In 2009, he worked as an Associate at Williams & Connolly in Washington, D.C. He remained there until 2014, when he left to serve as an Assistant United States Attorney for the Middle District of Florida. On July 25, 2019, Kidd assumed office as a United States Magistrate Judge for the Middle District of Florida.
History of the vacancy
On May 8, 2024, President Biden announced his intent to nominate Kidd to the seat vacated by Judge Charles R. Wilson, who will assume senior status on December 31, 2024. Like Kidd, Wilson served as a Magistrate Judge for the Middle District of Florida (from 1990-1994) and in the U.S. Attorney’s office for the Middle District of Florida (serving as U.S. Attorney from 1994 to 1999), when President Clinton nominated him. Wilson was the second African-American on the Eleventh Circuit. If Kidd, who is also African-American, is confirmed to replace him, he would serve alongside President Biden nominated judge Nancy Abudu as the only two African-Americans on the 12 judge court.
Jurisprudence
During his nearly five years on the bench as a magistrate judge, Kidd presided over numerous cases.
On March 15, 2021, Kidd ruled Kenneth Harrelson to be held without bond pending his trial in Washington D.C. Harrelson was a members of the Oath Keepers group charged in connection with the January 6 Capitol riot. Kidd ruled that while Harrelson likely wasn’t a flight risk, he should be held based on the nature of the charges, which prosecutors argued amount to a “federal crime of terrorism.”
On September 15, 2022, Kidd ordered Jose Ramon Tejeda-Guerrero remain detained pending trial. Tejeda-Guerrero was extradited from the Dominican Republic to the United States and charged in a 2012 indictment with fraudulent possession of counterfeit or unauthorized access devices and four counts of aggravated identity theft.
On September 23, 2022, Kidd ordered Brett Avery Tipton remain detained pending trial. Tipton was charged with enticing a minor to produce child sexual abuse material. According to the criminal complaint, Tipton began communicating with the child victim through various social media platforms requesting and urging the then approximately 12 years old send him numerous pictures of the victim engaging in sexually explicit conduct.
On September 14, 2023, Miami-based businessman Sergey Karpushkin, a Belarussian citizen, pleaded guilty before Judge Kidd in Orlando, Florida to engaging in a scheme to violate U.S. sanctions and commit money laundering by conducting transactions for the purchase and acquisition of metal products valued at over $139 million from companies owned by Sergey Kurchenko, a sanctioned oligarch.
Overall Assessment
While on paper, Embry Kidd’s career may seem non-controversial and a consensus candidate for a seat on a circuit court in a state with two Republican U.S. Senators, it is almost guaranteed he will not receive the unanimous support Judge Charles R. Wilson did when he was confirmed to the same seat. With less than six months until the 2024 presidential election, the senate calendar is filled with numerous recess weeks along with an increasing urgency from the minority party to keep as many judicial seats vacant as they can in case there is a change in administration or the Senate composition as a result of the election. With the previous 14 U.S. Supreme Court Justices all having been previously nominated to one of the nation’s 13 circuit courts (Justice Kagan was nominated for but not confirmed to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit in 1999), a nominee such as Kidd could have decades on the bench on a crucial court, particularly with him being in his early 40s.
In addition to the calendar, demographics could come into play during the confirmation process of Kidd. Two African-American men have been Justices on the nation’s highest court. While both Thurgood Marshall and Clarence Thomas had rough confirmations, you could make an argument that African American men have had an even rougher path to the second highest level of the nation’s judiciary, particularly in the previous dozen years. Since 2013, there has been a net deficit of African American men on the nation’s appellate courts, which have 179 authorized judgeships between them. A quick look at the past dozen years may show why that trend has occurred.
In 2013, President Obama nominated a trio of nominees to the widely recognized second-highest court in the nation, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, including Robert L. Wilkins, who is African-American. Senate Republicans refused to confirm Wilkins or the other two nominees despite being in the minority. This was made possible by the filibuster which required 60 votes to confirm a judicial nominee in the 100 seat U.S. senate. Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid and senate Democrats voted to change senate rules to end the fillister which only required a simple majority to confirm circuit and district court nominees, leading to Wilkins’ eventual confirmation.
None of President Trump’s 54 appellate judges were African-American (male or female) so the next example to look to would be Andre Mathis. Mathis was nominated by President Biden in 2021 to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. His Tennessee home state senator Marsha Blackburn bashed the nomination claiming both home state Republican senators were not adequately consulted about the nomination. Blackburn accused Mathis of having a “rap sheet” due in part to three previous speeding tickets that he didn’t pay on time. Mathis was eventually confirmed, becoming the first Democrat appointed circuit court judge to be confirmed despite not having blue slips, a piece of paper used by the Senate Judiciary Committee to solicit views of home state senators on judicial nominees.
In 2022, President Biden nominated Jabari Wamble to the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit. No action was taken on his nomination and it was returned to the President under Rule XXXI, Paragraph 6 of the United States Senate at the start of the new year. In February 2023, Wamble was nominated again but this time to a lower court, the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. His nomination to that court was ultimately withdrawn in May 2023 with no public explanation.
With Embry Kidd being the fourth African-American man to be nominated to a United States circuit court in the past 12 years, he has the opportunity to reverse the near historically difficult paths the previous three mentioned nominees all faced on the road to confirmation. If he can, he could possibly be on any Democrat President’s list of potential candidates for future U.S. Supreme Court vacancies for decades.
References
https://www.kansascity.com/news/politics-government/article275716501.html
https://woodruffscholars.emory.edu/about/advisory-bios/kidd-embry.html
https://cbc.house.gov/news/documentsingle.aspx?DocumentID=2511
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