April Perry – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

The Dirksen Courthouse - where the Northern District of Illinois sits.

After her previous nomination be U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois stalled, April Perry has been nominated to be a U.S. District Judge on the court instead.

Background

April Perry graduated from Northwestern University in 2000 and got a J.D. magna cum laude from Northwestern University School of Law in 2003.

After graduation, Perry clerked for Judge Joel Flaum on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit. Perry then became a federal prosecutor with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Illinois in 2004. In 2017, Perry left to become Chief Deputy State’s Attorney and Chief Ethics Officer for the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office. In 2019, Perry left to join Ubiety Technologies as General Counsel. Since 2022, Perry serves as Senior Counsel at GE HealthCare.

History of the Seat

Perry has been nominated for a seat on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. This seat will open upon the elevation of Judge Nancy Maldonado to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

Legal Career

Perry started her legal career as a law clerk for Judge Joel Flaum on the Seventh Circuit. Subsequently, Perry spent twelve years as an Assistant U.S. Attorney with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Illinois. During this time, Perry prosecuted Gregory Patzer for bank robbery. See United States v. Patzer, 548 F. Supp. 2d 612 (N.D. Ill. 2008).

From 2017 to 2019, Perry served as the Chief Ethics Officer for Cook County State’s Attorney Kim Foxx. Perry’s time with the office overlapped with the prosecution of Jussie Smolett for making false reports of being targeted for a hate crime. See Andy Grimm, 2 Top Deputies of State’s Attorney Foxx, One Tied to Smollett Case, To Resign, Chicago Sun Times, Apr. 18, 2019, https://chicago.suntimes.com/2019/4/18/18619800/2-top-deputies-of-state-s-attorney-foxx-one-tied-to-smollett-case-to-resign. Notably, Perry was critical of Foxx’s decision to assign the case to her First Assistant after her recusal, noting that a special prosecutor should likely have been appointed upon the recusal. See Ben Bradley, Top Foxx Official Said Recusal Wasn’t Right, WGN9, Apr. 17, 2019, https://wgntv.com/news/wgn-investigates/top-foxx-official-said-recusal-wasnt-right/. Perry subsequently resigned from the office. See Ben Bradley, Mysterious ‘Special Prosecutor Order’ Email in Smollett Case, Records Show, WGN9, Apr. 19, 2019, https://wgntv.com/news/wgn-investigates/mysterious-special-prosecutor-order-email-in-smollett-case-records-show/.

Perry has spent the last few years of her career in-house, starting with the Artificial Intelligence tech start up Ubiety Technologies, and more recently in GE HealthCare.

In 2023, Perry was nominated to be U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Illinois. Perry’s nomination was approved by the Senate Judiciary Committee in a bipartisan 12-9 vote but was blocked by Senator J.D. Vance from a final confirmation vote, remaining pending until it was withdrawn for her nomination to the federal bench.

Overall Assessment

While Perry’s nomination to be U.S. Attorney was stalled by Vance, it is likely that Democrats will prioritize Perry’s judicial nomination more during their limited floor time. As such, ironically, Vance’s blocking of Perry’s nomination may result in a lifetime appointment for her.

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Judge Sarah Netburn – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York

Federal Magistrate Judge Sarah Netburn has a long history as a litigator, handling a number of civil rights cases, as well as a judge, making her an experienced nominee for the federal bench.

Background

Sarah Netburn received her B.A. from Brown University in 1994 and then her J.D. from the University of California at Los Angeles School of Law in 2001. Netburn then clerked for Judge Harry Pregerson on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and then joined Emery Celli Brinckerhoff & Abady LLP as an Associate. In 2010, Netburn shifted to be the Chief Counsel for the Office of Pro Bono Litigation with the Southern District of New York.

In 2012, Netburn became a U.S. Magistrate Judge for the Southern District of New York, where she currently serves.

History of the Vacancy

Netburn has been nominated for a seat on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York. This seat will open on December 31, 2024, when Judge Lorna Schofield takes senior status.

Legal Career

After her clerkship on the Ninth Circuit, Netburn spent the next eight years working at Emery Celli Brinckerhoff & Abady LLP, where she notably represented, alongside the Center for Constitutional Rights, a group of protesters arrested while protesting the war in Iraq. See Jim Dwyer, One Protest, 52 Arrests and a $2 Million Payout, N.Y. Times, Aug. 20, 2008, https://ccrjustice.org/sites/default/files/assets/A7_08.20.08_NYTIMES.pdf.

Among other cases she handled, Netburn represented a group of inmates in the New York City correctional system who alleged that they were subjected to a pattern and practice of excessive force from correctional officers. See Ingles v. Toro, 438 F. Supp. 2d 203 (2d Cir. 2006). Netburn also represented proponents of a marijuana legalization initiative in challenging the rejection of the initiative from the ballot by the Nevada Secretary of State’s Office. See Am. Civil Liberties Union of Nevada v. Lomax, 471 F.3d 1010 (9th Cir. 2006). Netburn has also represented the families of the victims of the Pan Am 103 terrorist attack in suing the Libyan government for supporting the terrorists. See Hurst v. Socialist People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya et al., 474 F. Supp. 2d 19 (D.D.C. 2007).

Jurisprudence

Netburn has served as a U.S. Magistrate Judge for the Southern District of New York since her appointment in 2012. As a Magistrate Judge, Netburn handles arraignments, pretrial release, discovery disputes, and settlement. She also writes Reports and Recommendations for District Judges, recommending, for example, that the Afghanistan Central Bank’s funds not be used to compensate the relatives of September 11th victims. See Tia Sewell, Magistrate Judge Recommends Court Reject Efforts to Turn Over Frozen Afghan Funds to 9/11 Families, Lawfare, Aug. 30, 2022, https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/magistrate-judge-recommends-court-reject-efforts-turn-over-frozen-afghan-funds-911-families.

Among the notable cases that Netburn has presided over, she is presiding over the Securities and Exchange Commission’s lawsuit against Ripple Labs, alleging that Ripple’s trading of cryptocurrency amounted to trading of unregistered securities. See Qadir AK, Good News! Pro-Crypto Judge Netburn Nominated in Ripple vs. SEC Case, CoinPedia, Apr. 25, 2024, https://coinpedia.org/news/ripple-vs-sec-how-sarah-netburns-nomination-could-shape-the-outcome/. In the suit, Netburn has been occasionally critical of the SEC’s litigation positions, ruling against them regarding access to internal agency documents. See Holly Barker, SEC Crypto Woes: Judicial Rebuke and a Critical Commissioner, July 19, 2022, https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/sec-crypto-woes-judicial-criticism-and-a-critical-commissioner.

Overall Assessment

Netburn has, both as an attorney and as a judge, built up significant experience with litigation, including presiding over a fair number of complex cases. As such, Netburn should be favored for a comparatively smooth confirmation to the federal bench.

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Kevin Ritz – Nominee to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit

Two years ago, U.S. Attorney Kevin Ritz was comfortably confirmed to his current role by the Senate. However, Ritz likely faces a tougher road in seeking to succeed his former boss on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.

Background

Born October 15, 1974, in Petersburg Virginia, Kevin Gafford Ritz received a B.A. from the University of Virginia in 1997, an M.S. from the Georgetown University School of Foreign Service in 1999, and a J.D. from the University of Virginia School of Law in 2004 before clerking for Judge Julia Smith Gibbons on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit.

Ritz subsequently joined the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Tennessee, rising to become Criminal Appellate Chief in 2010, Appellate Chief in 2018, and being confirmed as U.S. Attorney in 2022. Ritz currently serves as the U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee.

History of the Vacancy

Ritz has been nominated for a Tennessee seat on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit. If confirmed, Ritz would replace Gibbons, for whom he had previously clerked.

Legal Experience

Ritz has spent his entire legal career at the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Western District of Tennessee, starting with narcotics prosecutions before working on both criminal and civil appeals at the Sixth Circuit, and finally, being appointed to be U.S. Attorney.

Starting in the office in 2005, Ritz spent the first five years of his prosecutorial career handling narcotics cases at both the trial and appellate level. During that time, Ritz tried eleven jury trials. Among his trials, Ritz won convictions for carjacking, robbery, and firearms crimes in a trial presided over by Judge Bernice Donald. See United States v. Chandler and Benton, No. 09-cr-20518 (W.D. Tenn.).

From 2010 to 2018, Ritz served as Criminal Appellate Chief for the U.S. Attorney’s Office, and from 2018 to 2022, served as Appellate Chief, handling both Criminal and Civil cases. Ritz argued thirty-six cases before the Sixth Circuit, as well as one in the Third Circuit. Among the notable cases that Ritz argued, he defended a conviction for illegal possession of a firearm, which was challenged under the Rehaif v. United States Supreme Court decision, which held that the Brady handgun bill’s classes of prohibited individuals, who aren’t allowed to have firearms, requires the individual to know of their prohibited status. See United States v. Ward, 957 F.3d 691 (6th Cir. 2020). Ritz also notably argued before the en banc Sixth Circuit in turning back an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, in a case holding that such a claim only applied once the individual was charged. See Turner v. United States, 885 F.3d 949 (6th Cir. 2018) (en banc). Ritz’s sole Third Circuit case involved defending convictions for witness-murder against an actual innocence claim. See Bruce v. Warden Lewisburg USP, 868 F.3d 170 (3d Cir. 2017).

Notably, Ritz argued before the Sixth Circuit in the Castleman case that individuals convicted of misdemeanor domestic violence charges could be barred from owning firearms. See United States v. Castleman, 695 F.3d 582 (6th Cir. 2012). While the Sixth Circuit ruled against the government, a unanimous Supreme Court reversed and sided with the position that Ritz had taken. United States v. Castleman, 572 U.S. 157 (2014).

Since 2022, Ritz has served as the Senate confirmed U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Tennessee.

Political Activity

Ritz has a handful of political donations throughout his career, all to Democrats.

Overall Assessment

Ritz’s push for a lifetime appointment is likely to draw significantly more opposition than his first confirmation did. Both Tennessee senators oppose Ritz’s confirmation, and he has drawn some fire over a complaint filed against him alleging misconduct from several years ago.

However, Ritz’s supporters can reasonably argue that the mere filing of a complaint does not indicate any ethical issues, particularly in a situation where no finding of misconduct or disciplinary action appears to have been taken. Furthermore, many of the senators raising the issue saw no problem with Ritz’s candidacy to be U.S. Attorney. As a bottom line, if prioritized, Ritz can be confirmed in due course.

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Brian Murphy – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts

Worcester criminal defense attorney Brian Murphy has been nominated to replace Judge Patti Saris on the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts.

Background

Born in 1979 in Columbia, Maryland, Murphy received a B.A. from The College of Holy Cross in 2002, and then obtained a J.D. from Columbia Law School in 2006. Murphy then spent three years as a public defender at the Committee for Public Counsel Services and then joined Todd and Weld LLP in Boston.

Murphy joined Murphy & Rudolph LLP in 2011 and currently works as a Partner there.

History of the Seat

Murphy has been nominated for a seat on the U.S. District Court for the District of Massachusetts, replacing Judge Patti Saris, who will take senior status upon the confirmation of a successor.

Legal Career

Murphy started his legal career as a public defender before shifting to the Boston firm Todd & Weld. While at the firm, Murphy represented defendants charged in a 67 count tax conspiracy. See United States v. Pingaro, 784 F. Supp. 2d 77 (D. Mass. 2011).

Murphy has spent the largest portion of his legal career at Murphy & Rudolph, representing criminal defendants in Worcester, Massachusetts. For example, Murphy petitioned the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court to order that a transcript of grand jury instructions be produced for his client’s indictments. Robin v. Commonwealth, 480 Mass. 1025 (2018). In other cases, Murphy has represented defendants charged with selling cocaine, fentanyl and heroin in the Worcester area. See United States v. Cruz, 365 F. Supp. 3d 222 (D. Mass. 2019); United States v. Robles, 464 F. Supp. 3d 422 (D. Mass. 2020).

On the civil side, Murphy represented the Blackstone Headwaters Coalition in a suit alleging that the defendants were violating the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. See Blackstone Headwaters Coalition, Inc. v. Gallo Builders, Inc. et al., 410 F. Supp. 3d 299 (D. Mass. 2019). The suit was ultimately dismissed via summary judgment. See id.

Overall Assessment

Democrats are facing an increasingly tightening window for judicial confirmations before the end of the year. However, there is little in Murphy’s background that should cause him too much trouble in the confirmation process.

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Detra Shaw-Wilder – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida

Recommended both by Sen. Marco Rubio and Florida House Democrats, Coral Gables attorney Detra Shaw-Wilder has now been nominated to fill the last vacancy on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida.

Background

Detra Shaw-Wilder received a B.S. from the University of Florida in 1990 and a J.D. from the University of Miami School of Law in 1994. After graduation, Shaw-Wilder joined Kozyak Tropin & Throckmorton, where she became Managing Partner in 2015 and General Counsel since 2017.

History of the Seat

Shaw-Wilder has been nominated for a seat on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Florida to replace Judge Robert Scola, who took senior status on October 31, 2023. Shaw-Wilder was the only candidate that was simultaneously recommended for the federal bench in 2021 by Senator Marco Rubio and Florida House Democrats, but was not nominated in the 3 judge batch put forward in late 2023.

Legal Career

Shaw-Wilder has spent her entire legal career at the Coral Gables firm Kozyak Tropin & Throckmorton where she currently serves as General Counsel. While at the firm, Shaw-Wilder has represented limousine drivers in a suit for overtime under the Fair Labor Standards Act. See Vidinliev v. Carey Intern. Inc. 581 F. Supp. 2d 1281 (N.D. Ga. 2008). Shaw-Wilder also represented three law firms in obtaining a large judgment against two attorneys for impropriety in settling various lawsuits. See Kane v. Stewart Tilghman Fox & Bianchi, 197 So. 3d 137 (Fla. App. 4th Dist. 2016).

Shaw-Wilder has also handled a number of federal appeals, including persuading the Eleventh Circuit to reverse a default judgment against Costa Rican corporation Parrot Bay Village, for lack of jurisdiction over the defendant. See Oldfield v. Pueblo de Bahia Lora, S.A., 558 F.3d 1210 (11th Cir. 2009).

Political Activity

Shaw-Wilder has a number of political donations to her name, all to Florida Democrats, including former federal judicial nominee Mary Barzee Flores during her run for Congress.

Overall Assessment

The last three nominations put forward to the Southern District with the support of Florida senators have sailed to confirmation. As of now, there is little reason to believe that Shaw-Wilder’s experience will be any different.

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Judge Rebecca Pennell – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington

After the stalling of Judge Charnelle Bjelkengren’s nomination to replace Judge Salvador Mendoza, Washington Court of Appeals Judge Rebecca Pennell has been put forward as an alternative.

Background

Pennell received her B.A. from the University of Washington in 1993 and a J.D. from Stanford Law School in 1996. Pennell subsequently clerked for Judge Robert Whaley on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington before joining TeamChild as a Skadden Fellow, working on juvenile legal services in Yakima, Washington.

In 2000, Pennell became a public defender with the Federal Defenders of Eastern Washington and Idaho. Pennell stayed with the office until she was appointed to the Washington Court of Appeals in 2016. Pennell currently serves as a judge on that court.

History of the Seat

Pennell has been nominated for the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Washington. This seat opened on September 16, 2022, when Judge Salvador Mendoza was elevated to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. President Biden previously nominated Charnelle Bjelkengren, a state court judge based in Spokane, to fill the vacancy. However, after a poor performance at her confirmation hearing, Bjelkengren’s nomination stalled and was ultimately not resubmitted by the Administration.

Legal Experience

Between 2000 and 2016, Pennell served as a federal public defender for Eastern Washington and Idaho, representing indigent defendants in federal criminal cases. Among her notable cases, Pennell represented Devonn Deshea Kinsey, arguing that police officers erred in patting down Kinsey and uncovering a pistol magazine. See United States v. Kinsey, 952 F. Supp. 2d 970 (E.D. Wash. 2013). Judge Edward Shea disagreed, denying the motion to suppress. See id.

Pennell’s duties included arguing a number of appeals before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. See, e.g., United States v. Hernandez-Hernandez, 374 F.3d 808 (9th Cir. 2004). In one notable case, Pennell successfully argued that the government had erred in seeking to admit evidence after the defendant opened the door to officers who then entered his trailer without a warrant. See United States v. Quaempts, 411 F.3d 1046 (9th Cir. 2005). In another notable case that Pennell handled, the Ninth Circuit reversed Judge Fred Van Sickle’s decision to overturn a jury conviction for possessing a firearm while under a domestic violence restraining order. See United States v. Young, 458 F.3d 998 (9th Cir. 2006).

Jurisprudence

Since 2016, Pennell has served as a judge on the Washington Court of Appeals. Among her notable decisions on this court, Pennell joined a ruling holding that Washington’s Dealing in Depictions of a Minor Engaged in Sexually Explicit Activity prohibited a juvenile male’s texting of a picture of his genitalia to an adult female. See State v. E.G., 377 P.3d 272 (Wash. App. 3d Div. 2016). In doing so, the court rejected arguments that the statute couldn’t be applied against the “victim” of the conduct and that the statute violates the First Amendment. See id.

In other notable opinions, Pennell dissented from a Court of Appeals decision affirming an assault conviction, finding that the state’s evidence failed to show more than that the defendant “had been present at the scene of a crime.” See State v. Fleming, No. 33644-1-Ill. (Wash. App. 3d Div. Apr. 18, 2017) (Pennell, J., dissenting). In another case, Pennell overturned a trial court decision barring the defendant from contact with his son for five years, finding that the ruling failed to adequately consider the defendant’s fundamental right to parent his son. See State v. Torres, No. 33648-4-Ill. (Wash. App. 3d Div. Apr. 13, 2017). In yet another opinion, Pennell dissented from a decision affirming convictions for a defendant charged with assaulting a police officer, finding that the trial court should have rejected the defendant’s request to represent himself, given his severe mental illness. See State v. Evatt, No. 34963-2-Ill. (Wash. App. 3d Div. June 6, 2017).

Additionally, Pennell has also served as Justice Pro Tempore with the Washington Supreme Court, where she reversed convictions for felony murder, finding that the record did not support a finding that the defendant had robbed a safe as a predicate condition for the felony murder. See Matter of Knight, 538 P.3d 263 (Wash. 2023). Justice Virginia Madsen dissented from Pennell’s opinion. See id. (Madsen, J., dissenting).

Political Activity

Pennell has frequently donated to political candidates during her time as an attorney, including to many Washington Democrats including former Governor Christine Gregoire. Her sole donation after joining the bench has been to fellow Court of Appeals Judge Tracy Staab, when she was a candidate in 2020.

Overall Assessment

Over the last three decades, Pennell has gathered a significant degree of experience with both civil and criminal law. If confirmed, Pennell is likely to add a left-leaning presence to the Eastern District of Washington.

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Jeannette Vargas – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York

Former Sotomayor clerk Jeannette Vargas has spent virtually her entire legal career on the civil side of the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, which would serve her well if confirmed to be a federal district court judge on that court.

Background

Vargas received her B.A. from Harvard College in 1995 and her J.D. from Yale Law School in 2000. After law school, Vargas clerked for Justice (then Judge) Sonia Sotomayor on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, before joining Simpson Thatcher & Bartlett. In 2002, Vargas joined the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, serving as Deputy Chief of the Civil Division since 2016.

History of the Seat

Vargas has been nominated to the vacancy on the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated on August 9, 2023 by Judge Paul Gardephe’s move to senior status.

Political Activity

Vargas has made occasional political donations throughout her career, including donations to Biden and Hillary Clinton.

Legal Career

Vargas has spent virtually her entire legal career with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Southern District of New York, where she worked in the civil division (currently serving as Deputy Chief). Among the notable matters she handled, Vargas represented the United States in litigation of Chrysler following the auto bailout in 2008. See In re Chrysler LLC., 576 F.3d 108 (2d Cir. 2009). Vargas also represented the Central Intelligence Agency in defending against Freedom of Information Act (“FOIA”) claims brought by Amnesty International in seeking information about interrogation techniques. See Amnesty Int’l USA v. CIA, 728 F. Supp. 2d 479 (S.D.N.Y. 2010).

In another notable case, Vargas sued a registered sex offender who was employed as a superintendent in various apartment buildings for violating the Fair Housing Act by subjecting numerous tenants to sexual harassment and sexual extortion. See United States v. Barnason, 852 F. Supp. 2d 367 (S.D.N.Y. 2012).

Relating to criminal cases, Vargas also worked to defend against habeas actions challenging denials of release from the federal parole commission. See, e.g., Crutchfield v. United States Parole Comm’n, 438 F. Supp. 2d 372 (S.D.N.Y. 2006).

Vargas’ work has also involved arguing a number of appeals. For example, Vargas defended against suits brought by plaintiffs arguing that they were entitled to student loan forgiveness under the Higher Education Act of 1965, arguing that Judge Loretta Preska correctly dismissed the suits. See De La Mota v. U.S. Dep’t of Educ., 413 F.3d 71 (2d Cir. 2005). However, the Second Circuit reversed, finding that the plaintiffs were presumptively entitled to the student loan forgiveness. See id. at 74.

Most notably, Vargas represented the United States in defending successfully against FOIA claims brought by the New York Times seeking disclosure of CIA training programs in Syria and CIA treatment of detainees post-2001. See New York Times v. United States Dep’t of Justice, 939 F.3d 479 (2d Cir. 2019); New York Times v. CIA, 965 F.3d 109 (2d Cir. 2020).

Overall Assessment

Coming from a fairly conventional background without a record of controversial statements, Vargas’ biggest enemy for confirmation is likely the Senate’s limited calendar. As long as Democrats continue to prioritize judicial confirmations, Vargas should be confirmed in due course.

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Sparkle Sooknanan – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia

Department of Justice attorney Sparkle Sooknanan is the White House’s second nominee to replace Judge Florence Pan on the D.C. District Court.

Background

A native of Trinidad & Tobago, Sooknanan moved to New York City at age 16 to attend St. Francis College, graduating summa cum laude in 2002. Sooknanan subsequently got an M.B.A. with Distinction from Hofstra College in 2003 and then started work at HIP Health Plan. Sooknanan continued working there while studying in the evenings at Brooklyn Law School, getting a J.D. summa cum laude in 2010.

After graduating, Sooknanan clerked for Judge Eric Vitaliano on the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York, Judge Guido Calabresi on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and then for Justice Sonia Sotomayor on the U.S. Supreme Court. Sooknanan then joined Jones Day, becoming a Partner in 2020. Sookanan subsequently left Jones Day and joined the U.S. Department of Justice, where she currently serves as Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General in the Civil Rights Division.

History of the Seat

Sooknanan was nominated, based on the recommendation of Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, to replace Judge Florence Pan, who was elevated to the D.C. Circuit on September 28, 2022. President Biden had previously nominated D.C. Superior Judge Todd Edelman to replace Pan, but despite being approved by the Judiciary Committee multiple times, Edelman never received a floor vote and his nomination was not resubmitted to the Senate in 2024.

Legal Experience

Sooknanan started her career in practice with a brief stint at the Department of Justice between her lower court clerkships and her clerkship with Sotomayor. During this time, Sooknanan had the opportunity to argue before the Ninth Circuit on a Federal Tort Claims Act case. See Dichter-Mad Family Partners, LLP v. United States, 709 F.3d 749 (9th Cir. 2013).

Between 2014 and 2020, Sooknanan practiced at the firm Jones Day. At Jones Day, Sooknanan was part of the legal team representing Everytown for Gun Safety as amici in a suit challenging Colorado’s background check laws. See Colorado Outfitters Ass’n v. Hickenlooper, 823 F.3d 537 (10th Cir. 2016). Sooknanan also represented defendants challenging their convictions relating to the illegal smuggling of drugs (now Judge Trevor McFadden was one of the attorneys representing the government on the suit). See United States v. Mosquera-Murillo, 902 F.3d 285 (D.C. Cir. 2018). One of Sooknanan’s most intensive cases from this time was her involvement in a multi-party litigation related to bonds issued by the Employee Retirement System of the Government of Puerto Rico. See In re Financial Oversight & Manage. Bd. of Puerto Rico, 914 F.3d 694 (1st Cir. 2019).

Notably, Sooknanan, alongside fellow former Supreme Court clerks Benjamin Mizer and Parker Rider-Longmaid, filed amicus briefs in support of the City of Charlottesville’s decision to remove Confederate statues. See City of Charlottesville v. Payne, 856 S.E.2d 203 (Va. 2021). The Virginia Supreme Court ultimately reversed a Circuit Court ruling putting the removal on hold. See id. However, due to Jones Day’s challenges to Pennsylvania election accommodations for the pandemic, Sooknanan resigned from Jones Day.

Since 2021, Sooknanan has been with the Department of Justice, most recently working with the Civil Rights Division.

Political Activity

Sooknanan has a limited political history, including donations to Secretary Hillary Clinton and Wisconsin Attorney General Josh Kaul.

Overall Assessment

While Sooknanan doesn’t have experience as a public defender as Edelman did, her nomination is likely to prove fairly controversial as well. Her resignation of Jones Day and her work at the Civil Rights Division is likely to draw strong conservative opposition. With an election approaching, it remains to be seen if Sooknanan will be muscled through while Democrats have the attendance to do so.

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Judge Nancy Maldonado – Nominee to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit

In 2022, Judge Nancy Maldonado became the first Hispanic woman on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Two years later, she could become the first Hispanic judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.

Background

Born on November 28, 1975, Maldonado attended Harvard College, graduating cum laude in 1997. She then attended the Columbia Law School, graduating in 2001.

After graduating, Maldonado clerked for Judge Ruben Castillo on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. After finishing up her clerkship, Maldonado joined the Chicago Office of Miner, Barnhill, & Garland as an Associate. She became a Partner at the firm in 2010. In 2022, Maldonado was appointed by President Biden to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois, replacing Judge Matthew Kennelly. Maldonado has served on the court since.

History of the Seat

Maldonado has been nominated to replace Judge Ilana Rovner, who has announced that she will take senior status upon the confirmation of a successor.

Legal Experience

Maldonado spent her entire pre-vench legal career at Miner, Barnhill, & Garland, where she primarily focused on employment litigation, representing both plaintiffs and defendants. Notably, Maldonado represented Dilan Abreu, a bricklayer who sued over workplace harassment over his race at the Chicago Department of Water Management. See Ray Long and Hal Dardick, Latino Worker Alleges Abuse in Water Department; Says Boss Tried to Throw Him in a Hole, Called Him ‘dumb Puerto Rican’, Chicago Tribune, Mar. 29, 2019. Abreu notably alleged that his boss retaliated against him for objecting to racist behavior by trying to push him into a 6-foot deep hole. See id.

Maldonado was also part of the legal team for Maura Anne Stuart, a commercial driver whose gender discrimination suit was thrown out by Judge Milton Shadur. See Stuart v. Local 727, Int’l Bhd. of Teamsters, 771 F.3d 1014 (7th Cir. 2014). Maldonado persuaded a panel of the Seventh Circuit to reverse the dismissal (the panel also reassigned the case, citing the “tone of derision” in Judge Shadur’s opinion). See id. at 1020.

In non-employment related matters, Maldonado was part of the legal team filing an amicus brief from the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence in an Illinois state court suit challenging the Cook County Assault Weapons Ban under the Second Amendment. See Wilson v. Cnty. of Cook, 968 N.E.2d 641 (Ill. 2012). She also represented citizens in a 1983 suit against officials who allegedly barred citizens from expressing opposition to a local towing ordinance. See Surita v. Hyde, 665 F.3d 860 (7th Cir. 2011).

Political Activity & Memberships

Maldonado has made a number of political contributions, including to President Obama, Sen. Michael Bennet, and Rep. Colin Allred.

Additionally, Maldonado was active in the Chicago legal community, serving on the Board of Directors of the Chicago Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights Under Law and of La Casa Norte, a social service organization serving Chicago youth.

Jurisprudence

Since her confirmation in 2022, Maldonado has served as a U.S. District Court Judge on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Below is a summary of some of the decisions/opinions Maldonado has rendered during her tenure:

Maldonado dismissed a claim brought by a clothing retailer against their insurer for lost business revenue during the Covid-19 pandemic, finding that the plaintiff’s claims for damages for “direct physical loss” were foreclosed by relevant Seventh Circuit precedent. See American Male & Co. d/b/a American Male v. Owners Ins. Co., No. 21 CV 02595 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 27, 2023);
Maldonado granted summary judgment against a pro se prisoner, finding that the evidence in the case did not establish that the doctor who treated him was deliberately indifferent to his condition, nor that a pattern or practice of the prison caused his damages. See McVay v. Obaisi, Case No. 18 CV 6244 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 27, 2023);
Maldonado dismissed a claim alleging emotional damages under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, finding that the alleged injuries do not arise to injuries-in-fact to create subject matter jurisdiction for the claim. See Branham v. TrueAccord Corp., No. 22 CV 00531 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 28, 2023);
Maldonado remanded a insurance lawsuit to state court, finding that the defendants had improperly removed it, and ordered plaintiff’s court costs and attorneys fees to be paid. See Aspen Am. Ins. Co. v. Mirov et al., No. 22 CV 05661 (N.D. Ill. Mar. 29, 2023);
Maldonado granted summary judgment against a 1983 lawsuit alleging false arrest, illegal detention, and malicious prosecution. See Lietzow v. Village of Huntley et al., No. 17 CV 05291 (N.D. Ill. Apr. 14, 2023);
Maldonado granted an injunction from the Department of Labor removing two trustees from the United Employee Benefit Trust Fund and appointing an independent fiduciary. See Su v. Fensler, No. 22-cv-01030 (N.D. Ill. Aug. 10, 2023);
Maldonado denied summary judgment as to a Fourteenth Amendment failure-to-protect claim brought by an inmate who was injured by a fellow detainee in a corrections facility. See Miller v. Mascillino, No. 15-cv-11746 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 26, 2023);
Maldonado refused to dismiss a Monell liability claim brought against the Village of Dolton in a wrongful arrest and malicious prosecution suit. See Billups-Dryer v. Village of Dolton, No. 20 CV 1597 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 27, 2023);
Maldonado declined to grant summary judgment against a Title VII claim alleging a hostile work environment due to sexual harassment, although she granted a motion to dismiss the retaliation claim, finding that the plaintiff had abandoned that claim. See Brinson v. Eagle Express Lines, Inc., No. 18 CV 3733 (N.D. Ill. Sept. 28, 2023);
Maldonado granted summary judgment against a copyright infringement suit brought against hip hop artist French Montana based on his song “Ain’t Worried About Nothin”, finding that there was no triable issue of fact based on the small similarities in sound alleged. See Richardson v. Kharbouch, No. 19 CV 02321 (N.D. Ill. Jan. 4, 2024).

One of Maldonado’s decisions that was considered on appeal was her decision to grant summary judgment against claims by inmates alleging Fourth Amendment violations from the presence of cameras in holding cells with semi-private toilets. See Alicea v. County of Cook, No. 22-2863 (7th Cir. Dec. 18, 2023). The Seventh Circuit affirmed Maldonado’s ruling. See id.

Overall Assessment

Nancy Maldonado’s first confirmation two years ago was relatively smooth. On her time in the bench, Maldonado’s rulings have generally not attracted controversy and there should be little for critics to seize onto to lead to a different outcome this time around. While Maldonado is unlikely to attract any new supporters, she is also fairly likely to be confirmed.

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Georgia Alexakis – Nominee to the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois

The Dirksen Courthouse - where the Northern District of Illinois sits.

Georgia Alexakis currently serves as Criminal Appellate Chief at the U.S. Attorney’s Office in Chicago. She is favored to join the federal bench in the next few months.

Background

Georgia N. Alexakis graduated from Harvard University in 2000 and, after working as a consultant for three years, got a J.D. magna cum laude from Northwestern Priztker School of Law in 2006.

After graduation, Alexakis clerked for Judge Marsha Berzon on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit and then for Judge Milton Shadur on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. Alexakis subsequently joined Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott LLP. Alexakis then became a federal prosecutor with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Illinois in 2013 and stayed there until 2021 when she came a Partner with Riley Safer Holmes & Cancila LLP. Alexakis rejoined the U.S. Attorney’s Office in 2022 and currently serves as Chief of Appeals of the Criminal Division.

History of the Seat

Alexakis has been nominated for a seat on the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Illinois. This seat will open on August 1, 2024, when Judge Rebecca Pallmeyer will move to senior status.

Legal Career

Alexakis started her legal career as a clerk to Judges Marsha Berzon and Milton Shadur and was even shouted out by Judge Shadur in multiple opinions for her work. See Love v. Frontier Ins. Co., 526 F. Supp. 2d 859, 861 n.3 (N.D. Ill. 2007) (noting a debt to Judge Berzon for “one of this Court’s two fine law clerks this year, Georgia Alexankis”). See also Patino v. Astrue, 574 F. Supp. 2d 862, 873 n. 10 (N.D. Ill. 2008) (noting that this opinion is “public acknowledgment of the outstanding work that has always been done by my extraordinary law clerk Georgia Alexakis”).

Alexakis subsequently started at Bartlit Beck Herman Palenchar & Scott LLP, where she worked on a multi-district litigation involving the potential contamination of U.S. rice crops with non-approved genetically modified strains. See In re Genetically Modified Rice Litig., 666 F. Supp. 2d 1004 (E.D. Mo. 2009). Alexakis also represented Bayer in defending another multidistrict litigation arising from the marketing of low-dose aspirin. See In re Bayer Corp. Combination Aspirin Prods. Mktg. and Sales Practices Litig., 701 F. Supp. 2d 356 (E.D.N.Y. 2010).

The largest portion of Alexakis’ legal career has been with the U.S. Attorney’s Office for the Northern District of Illinois. Early in her time with the office, Alexakis argued an appeal involving convictions for distribution of heroin and crack cocaine. See United States v. Chapman, 804 F.3d 895 (7th Cir. 2015). In another case, the Seventh Circuit reversed a conviction in a case that Alexakis argued, finding that the district judge should have recused himself from the illegal entry case because he had been involved in the underlying deportation proceeding. See United States v. Herrera-Valdez, 826 F.3d 912 (7th Cir. 2016).

Alexakis has also prosecuted cases of sex trafficking, see, e.g., United States v. Carson, 870 F.3d 584 (7th Cir. 2017), and mail fraud, see, e.g., United States v. Walton, 907 F.3d 548 (7th Cir. 2018). More recently Alexakis defended on appeal the convictions against police officer Marco Proano, for shooting two passengers of a moving sedan. See United States v. Proano, 912 F.3d 431 (7th Cir. 2019). She also convinced the Seventh Circuit to reverse the sentence for Adel Daoud, who had attempted to blow up a fake bomb provided by an FBI agent, as substantively unreasonable. See United States v. Daoud, 980 F.3d 581 (7th Cir. 2020), re’hrg en banc denied by 989 F.3d 610 (7th Cir. 2021).

Overall Assessment

With extensive experience with both civil and criminal litigation, Alexakis should be a fairly uncontroversial choice for the federal bench.

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